Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction by Jonathan Lazar (English) Paper

Description: Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction by Jonathan Lazar, Jinjuan Heidi Feng, Harry Hochheiser A comprehensive research guide for both quantitative and qualitative research methods Written by a team of authorities in human-computer interaction (HCI) and usability, this pedagogical guide walks you through the methods used in HCI and examines what are considered to be appropriate research practices in the field. FORMAT Paperback LANGUAGE English CONDITION Brand New Publisher Description Continual technological evolution has led to an explosion of new techniques in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction is a thoroughly comprehensive guide to performing research and is essential reading for both quantitative and qualitative methods. Chapters cover a broad range of topics relevant to the collection and analysis of HCI data, going beyond experimental design and surveys, to cover ethnography, time diaries, physiological measurements, case studies, and other essential elements in the well-informed HCI researchers toolkit. "This book is a must read for anyone in the field of Human-Computer Interaction. The multi-disciplinarian approach, housed in the reality of the technological world today, makes for a practical and informative guide for user interface designers, software and hardware engineers and anyone doing user research." Dr. Mary Czerwinski, Research Area Manager, Microsoft Research, USA "Research Methods in HCI is an excellent read for practitioners and students alike. It discusses all the must-know theory, provides detailed instructions on how to carry out the research, and offers great examples. I loved it!" Professor Vanessa Evers, Professor, Human Computer Studies Lab, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands "The book is superb: comprehensive, clear, and engaging! This is a one-stop HCI methods reference library. If you can only buy one HCI methods book, this is the one!" Dr. Clare-Marie Karat, IBM TJ Watson Research, USA, and recipient of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI Lifetime Service Award "A much needed and very useful book, covering important HCI research methods overlooked in standard research methods texts." Professor Gilbert Cockton, School of Design, Northumbria University, United Kingdom Back Cover Continual technological evolution has led to an explosion of new techniques in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction is a thoroughly comprehensive guide to performing research and is essential reading for both quantitative and qualitative methods. Chapters cover a broad range of topics relevant to the collection and analysis of HCI data, going beyond experimental design and surveys, to cover ethnography, time diaries, physiological measurements, case studies, and other essential elements in the well-informed HCI researchers toolkit. Written to support industrial and academic researchers, including faculty and students at both graduate and undergraduate levels, this book provides wide-ranging coverage of all research issues, supported by many real-world examples. It is intended to inspire the reader to do groundbreaking research, to change the way people think about human-computer interaction, to do something different, something noteworthy, and something important. A companion website with additional resources for instructors can be found at "This book is a must read for anyone in the field of Human-Computer Interaction. The multi-disciplinarian approach, housed in the reality of the technological world today, makes for a practical and informative guide for user interface designers, software and hardware engineers and anyone doing user research." --Dr. Mary Czerwinski, Research Area Manager, Microsoft Research, USA "Research Methods in HCI is an excellent read for practitioners and students alike. It discusses all the must-know theory, provides detailed instructions on how to carry out the research, and offers great examples. I loved it!" --Professor Vanessa Evers, Professor, Human Computer Studies Lab, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands "The book is superb: comprehensive, clear, and engaging! This is a one-stop HCI methods reference library. If you can only buy one HCI methods book, this is the one!" --Dr. Clare-Marie Karat, IBM TJ Watson Research, USA, and recipient of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI Lifetime Service Award "A much needed and very useful book, covering important HCI research methods overlooked in standard research methods texts." --Professor Gilbert Cockton, School of Design, Northumbria University, United Kingdom Flap Continual technological evolution has led to an explosion of new techniques in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction is a thoroughly comprehensive guide to performing research and is essential reading for both quantitative and qualitative methods. Chapters cover a broad range of topics relevant to the collection and analysis of HCI data, going beyond experimental design and surveys, to cover ethnography, time diaries, physiological measurements, case studies, and other essential elements in the well-informed HCI researchers toolkit. Written to support industrial and academic researchers, including faculty and students at both graduate and undergraduate levels, this book provides wide-ranging coverage of all research issues, supported by many real-world examples. It is intended to inspire the reader to do groundbreaking research, to change the way people think about human-computer interaction, to do something different, something noteworthy, and something important. A companion website with additional resources for instructors can be found at "This book is a must read for anyone in the field of Human-Computer Interaction. The multi-disciplinarian approach, housed in the reality of the technological world today, makes for a practical and informative guide for user interface designers, software and hardware engineers and anyone doing user research." --Dr. Mary Czerwinski, Research Area Manager, Microsoft Research, USA "Research Methods in HCI is an excellent read for practitioners and students alike. It discusses all the must-know theory, provides detailed instructions on how to carry out the research, and offers great examples. I loved it!" --Professor Vanessa Evers, Professor, Human Computer Studies Lab, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands "The book is superb: comprehensive, clear, and engaging! This is a one-stop HCI methods reference library. If you can only buy one HCI methods book, this is the one!" --Dr. Clare-Marie Karat, IBM TJ Watson Research, USA, and recipient of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI Lifetime Service Award "A much needed and very useful book, covering important HCI research methods overlooked in standard research methods texts." --Professor Gilbert Cockton, School of Design, Northumbria University, United Kingdom Author Biography Dr. Jonathan Lazar is an Associate Professor of Computer and Information Sciences at Towson University, where he serves as head of the Computer Information Systems Program, and is the founder and director of the Universal Usability Laboratory.Dr. Lazar has authored over 70 refereed publications, on the topics of web usability, assistive technology, user error and frustration, and user-centered design methods. He has previously authored two books and edited two books. His most recent authored book is Web Usability: A User-Centered Design Approach, published by Addison-Wesley in 2006, and his most recent edited book is Universal Usability: Designing Computer Interfaces for Diverse User Populations published by John Wiley in 2007.Dr. Lazar is a founding member and currently serves as Chair of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) SIGCHI U.S. Public Policy Committee. He was also recently named a Distinguished Speaker of the ACM. He has served on a number of conference committees, including CHI, ASSETS, INTERACT, and HCII. Dr. Jinjuan Heidi Feng is the author of Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction, published by Wiley. Dr. Harry Hochheiser is the author of Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction, published by Wiley. Table of Contents About the Authors xvii Acknowledgments xviii Preface xix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Changes in topics of HCI research over time 3 1.2 Shifts in measurement in HCI 5 1.3 Inherent conflicts in HCI 9 1.4 Interdisciplinary nature of HCI research 11 1.5 Communicating your ideas 13 1.6 Research and usability testing 14 Summary of Chapters 14 Discussion Questions 15 Research Design Exercise 16 References 16 2 Experimental Research 19 2.1 Types of behavioral research 20 2.2 Research hypotheses 22 2.2.1 Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis 23 2.2.2 Dependent and independent variables 25 2.2.3 Typical independent variables in HCI research 25 2.2.4 Typical dependent variables in HCI research 26 2.3 Basics of experimental research 27 2.3.1 Components of an experiment 27 2.3.2 Randomization 28 2.4 Significance tests 30 2.4.1 Why do we need them? 30 2.4.2 Type I and Type II errors 32 2.4.3 Controlling the risks of Type I and Type II errors 34 2.5 Limitations of experimental research 34 Summary 36 Discussion Questions 37 Research Design Exercises 38 References 38 3 Experimental Design 41 3.1 What needs to be considered when designing experiments? 43 3.2 Determining the basic design structure 44 3.3 Investigating a single independent variable 45 3.3.1 Between-group design and within-group design 46 3.3.2 Choosing the appropriate design approach 49 3.4 Investigating more than one independent variable 53 3.4.1 Factorial design 53 3.4.2 Split-plot design 54 3.4.3 Interaction effects 55 3.5 Reliability of experimental results 57 3.5.1 Random errors 57 3.5.2 Systematic errors 57 3.6 Experimental procedures 63 Summary 64 Discussion Questions 65 Research Design Exercises 65 References 66 4 Statistical Analysis 69 4.1 Preparing data for statistical analysis 70 4.1.1 Cleaning up data 70 4.1.2 Coding data 71 4.1.3 Organizing data 73 4.2 Descriptive statistics 73 4.2.1 Measures of central tendency 73 4.2.2 Measures of spread 74 4.3 Comparing means 74 4.4 T tests 76 4.4.1 Independent-samples t test 76 4.4.2 Paired-samples t test 76 4.4.3 Interpretation of t test results 77 4.4.4 Two-tailed t tests and one-tailed t tests 78 4.5 Analysis of variance 78 4.5.1 One-way ANOVA 79 4.5.2 Factorial ANOVA 80 4.5.3 Repeated measures ANOVA 82 4.5.4 ANOVA for split-plot design 83 4.6 Assumptions of t tests and F tests 86 4.7 Identifying relationships 86 4.8 Regression 89 4.9 Nonparametric statistical tests 91 4.9.1 Chi-square test 92 4.9.2 Other non-parametric tests 94 Summary 94 Discussion Questions 95 Research Design Exercises 96 Team Exercises 96 References 96 5 Surveys 99 5.1 Introduction 100 5.2 Benefits and drawbacks of surveys 101 5.3 Goals and targeted users for survey research 102 5.4 Probabilistic sampling 103 5.4.1 Stratification 105 5.4.2 Response size 106 5.4.3 Errors 106 5.5 Non-probabilistic sampling 107 5.5.1 Demographic data 107 5.5.2 Oversampling 108 5.5.3 Random sampling of usage, not users 109 5.5.4 Self-selected surveys 109 5.5.5 Uninvestigated populations 109 5.6 Developing survey questions 111 5.6.1 Open-ended questions 111 5.6.2 Closed-ended questions 112 5.6.3 Common problems with survey questions 113 5.7 Overall survey structure 113 5.8 Existing surveys 115 5.9 Paper or online surveys? 116 5.10 Testing the survey tool 118 5.11 Response rate 119 5.12 Data analysis 120 Summary 121 Discussion Questions 121 Research Design Exercise 122 References 122 6 Diaries 125 6.1 Introduction 126 6.2 Why do we use diaries in HCI research? 127 6.3 Participants for a diary study 130 6.4 What type of diary? 132 6.4.1 Feedback diary 132 6.4.2 Elicitation diary 133 6.4.3 Hybrid feedback and elicitation diary 134 6.5 Data collection for the diary study 134 6.6 Letting participants know when to record a diary entry 136 6.7 Analysis of diaries 137 Summary 138 Discussion Questions 138 Research Design Exercise 138 References 139 Appendix A Frustration Experience Form (Time Diary) 140 Appendix B Excel Time Diary Form 141 7 Case Studies 143 7.1 Introduction 144 7.2 Observing Sara: a case study of a case study 145 7.3 What is a case study? 147 7.3.1 In-depth investigation of a small number of cases 147 7.3.2 Examination in context 147 7.3.3 Multiple data sources 148 7.3.4 Emphasis on qualitative data and analysis 149 7.4 Goals of HCI case studies 150 7.4.1 Exploration 150 7.4.2 Explanation 151 7.4.3 Description 152 7.4.4 Demonstration 154 7.5 Types of case study 156 7.5.1 Intrinsic or instrumental 156 7.5.2 Single case or multiple cases 156 7.5.3 Embedded or holistic 160 7.6 Research questions and hypotheses 161 7.7 Choosing cases 163 7.8 Data collection 164 7.8.1 Data sources and questions 164 7.8.2 Collecting data 165 7.9 Analysis and interpretation 167 7.10 Writing up the study 168 7.11 Informal case studies 170 Summary 172 Discussion Questions 174 Research Design Exercises 174 References 175 8 Interviews and Focus Groups 177 8.1 Pros and cons of interviews 178 8.2 Applications of interviews in HCI research 180 8.2.1 Initial exploration 180 8.2.2 Requirements gathering 184 8.2.3 Evaluation and subjective reactions 186 8.3 Who to interview 187 8.4 Interview strategies 189 8.4.1 How much structure? 189 8.4.2 Focused and contextual interviews 191 8.5 Interviews vs focus groups 192 8.6 Types of question 194 8.7 Conducting an interview 197 8.7.1 Preparation 197 8.7.2 Recording the responses 198 8.7.3 During the interview 199 8.8 Electronically mediated interviews and focus groups 203 8.8.1 Telephone 204 8.8.2 Online 204 8.9 Analyzing interview data 206 8.9.1 What to analyze 207 8.9.2 How to analyze 208 8.9.3 Validity 212 8.9.4 Reporting Results 212 Summary 213 Discussion Questions 214 Research Design Exercises 214 References 215 9 Ethnography 217 9.1 Introduction 218 9.2 What is ethnography? 219 9.3 Ethnography in HCI 221 9.4 Conducting ethnographic research 224 9.4.1 Selecting a site or group of interest 225 9.4.2 Participating: choosing a role 227 9.4.3 Building relationships 230 9.4.4 Making contact 231 9.4.5 Interviewing, observing, analyzing, repeating, and theorizing 232 9.4.6 Reporting results 236 9.5 Some examples 237 9.5.1 Home settings 237 9.5.2 Work settings 238 9.5.3 Educational settings 239 9.5.4 Ethnographies of mobile and ubiquitous systems 240 9.5.5 Virtual ethnography 241 Summary 246 Discussion Questions 246 Research Design Exercises 247 References 248 10 Usability Testing 251 10.1 What is usability testing? 252 10.2 How does usability testing relate to traditional research? 254 10.3 Types of usability testing or usability inspections 256 10.3.1 Expert-based testing 256 10.3.2 Automated usability testing 258 10.4 User-based testing 260 10.4.1 Types of usability testing 260 10.4.2 Stages of usability testing 262 10.4.3 How many users are sufficient? 263 10.4.4 Locations for usability testing 264 10.4.5 Task list 268 10.4.6 Measurement 270 10.4.7 The testing session 271 10.4.8 Making sense of the data 274 10.5 Other variations on usability testing 275 Summary 276 Discussion Questions 276 Research Design Exercise 277 References 277 11 Analyzing Qualitative Data 281 11.1 Introduction 282 11.2 Stages of qualitative analysis 282 11.3 Grounded theory 283 11.4 Content analysis 285 11.4.1 What is content? 286 11.4.2 Why do we need to collect text or multimedia information? 286 11.4.3 Questions to consider before content analysis 287 11.5 Analyzing text content 289 11.5.1 Procedure 289 11.5.2 Identifying coding categories 290 11.5.3 Coding the text 292 11.5.4 Ensuring high-quality analysis 294 11.6 Analyzing multimedia content 300 Summary 301 Discussion Questions 302 Research Design Exercise 303 References 303 12 Automated Data Collection Methods 307 12.1 Exploiting existing tools 308 12.1.1 Web logs 309 12.1.2 Stored application data 315 12.2 Using software to observe and record 317 12.2.1 Web proxies 317 12.2.2 Instrumented software 321 12.2.3 Custom-built software 324 12.2.4 Handling stored data 327 12.2.5 Keystroke and activity loggers 328 12.2.6 Analyzing log files 329 12.3 Hybrid data collection methods 330 12.4 Automated interface evaluation 333 12.5 Challenges of computerized data collection 333 Summary 336 Discussion Questions 337 Research Design Exercises 338 References 339 13 Measuring the Human 343 13.1 Eye tracking 344 13.2 Physiological tools 350 13.2.1 Physiological data 351 13.2.2 Challenges in data collection and interpretation 356 13.3 Examples of physiological research in HCI 359 Summary 361 Discussion Questions 362 Research Design Exercise 363 References 363 14 Working with Human Subjects 367 14.1 Identifying potential participants 368 14.1.1 Which subjects? 369 14.1.2 How many subjects? 371 14.1.3 Recruiting participants 373 14.2 Care and handling of research participants 376 14.2.1 Protecting participants 376 14.2.2 Informed consent 381 14.2.3 Institutional review boards 384 14.2.4 Potentially deceptive research? 387 14.2.5 General concerns 388 14.3 Online research 389 14.3.1 Appropriate topics for online research 389 14.3.2 Recruiting 389 14.3.3 Study design 391 14.3.4 Ethical concerns 391 14.3.5 Data collection 392 Summary 393 Discussion Questions 394 Research Design Exercises 395 References 396 15 Working with Research Participants with Impairments 399 15.1 Introduction 400 15.2 How many participants? 401 15.2.1 Small sample sizes 401 15.2.2 Distributed research 401 15.2.3 In-depth case studies 402 15.3 Proxy users 403 15.4 Multi-Population Studies 404 15.5 Recruiting users through community partners 405 15.6 Pilot studies 407 15.7 Scheduling users with impairments 408 15.8 Documentation for users with impairments 409 15.8.1 Human subjects forms 409 15.8.2 Research documentation 410 15.9 Differing levels of ability 412 15.10 Bringing extra computer parts 413 15.11 Payment 415 Summary 415 Discussion Questions 415 Research Design Exercise 416 References 416 Index 419 Long Description Continual technological evolution has led to an explosion of new techniques in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research. Research Methods in Human-Computer Interaction is a thoroughly comprehensive guide to performing research and is essential reading for both quantitative and qualitative methods. Chapters cover a broad range of topics relevant to the collection and analysis of HCI data, going beyond experimental design and surveys, to cover ethnography, time diaries, physiological measurements, case studies, and other essential elements in the well-informed HCI researchers toolkit. Written to support industrial and academic researchers, including faculty and students at both graduate and undergraduate levels, this book provides wide-ranging coverage of all research issues, supported by many real-world examples. It is intended to inspire the reader to do groundbreaking research, to change the way people think about human-computer interaction, to do something different, something noteworthy, and something important. A companion website with additional resources for instructors can be found at "This book is a must read for anyone in the field of Human-Computer Interaction. The multi-disciplinarian approach, housed in the reality of the technological world today, makes for a practical and informative guide for user interface designers, software and hardware engineers and anyone doing user research." --Dr. Mary Czerwinski, Research Area Manager, Microsoft Research, USA "Research Methods in HCI is an excellent read for practitioners and students alike. It discusses all the must-know theory, provides detailed instructions on how to carry out the research, and offers great examples. I loved it!" --Professor Vanessa Evers, Professor, Human Computer Studies Lab, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands "The book is superb: comprehensive, clear, and engaging! This is a one-stop HCI methods reference library. If you can only buy one HCI methods book, this is the one!" --Dr. Clare-Marie Karat, IBM TJ Watson Research, USA, and recipient of the 2009 ACM SIGCHI Lifetime Service Award "A much needed and very useful book, covering important HCI research methods overlooked in standard research methods texts." --Professor Gilbert Cockton, School of Design, Northumbria University, United Kingdom Feature About the Authors. Preface. Chapter 1 Introduction. Chapter 2 Experimental Research. Chapter 3 Experimental Design. Chapter 4 Statistical Analysis. Chapter 5 Surveys. Chapter 6 Diaries. Chapter 7 Case Studies. Chapter 8 Interviews and Focus Groups. Chapter 9 Ethnography. Chapter 10 Usability Testing. Chapter 11 Analyzing Qualitative Data. Chapter 12 Automated Data Collection Methods. Chapter 13 Measuring the Human. Chapter 14 Working with Human Subjects. Chapter 15 Working with Research Participants withImpairments. Index. Details ISBN0470723378 ISBN-10 0470723378 ISBN-13 9780470723371 Format Paperback DEWEY 004.019 Short Title RESEARCH METHODS IN HUMAN-COMP Language English Media Book Illustrations Illustrations Edition 1st UK Release Date 2009-12-15 Publisher John Wiley & Sons Inc Imprint John Wiley & Sons Inc Place of Publication New York Country of Publication United States NZ Release Date 2010-02-22 Author Harry Hochheiser Pages 448 Year 2009 Publication Date 2009-12-15 Audience Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly US Release Date 2009-12-15 AU Release Date 2009-12-14 We've got this At The Nile, if you're looking for it, we've got it. With fast shipping, low prices, friendly service and well over a million items - you're bound to find what you want, at a price you'll love! TheNile_Item_ID:102470786;

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